Cooling tower performance in free cooling applications is dependent upon both the system and cooling tower design. In summer the ambient air wet bulb temperature raises when compared to winter thus limiting the cooling tower efficiency. The basic cooling tower process is outlined in figure 1. Pdf thermal calculation of the ejection cooling tower and method. There is no one size fits all solution for cooling tower maintenance. Cooling tower design calculations student cheresources. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement and. If heat load calculations are low undersized equipment will be purchased. May 02, 2018 how to calculate cooling tower efficiency as intervie view. Cold water temperature an overview sciencedirect topics. The difference between the entering and exit drybulb temperatures i.
Quick guide to frp square cooling tower and its parts one of the most significant components of any industrial process is frp square cooling tower. The technical data is taken for mechanical draft cooling tower. There are many factors affecting the performance of counter flow cooling towers, the air water ratio. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Nov 30, 2016 chemical engineering site already published articles on cooling tower components and cooling tower efficiency calculations. As the cooling water circulates the cooling tower part of water evaporates thereby increasing the total dissolved solids in the remaining water. Department of energy assistant secretary for resource. In summer season the ambient air wet bulb temperature raises when compared to winter season so cooling tower efficiency limiting in summer season. The water consumption or the amount of make up water of a cooling tower is about 0. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. Cooling tower efficiency calculations along with approach, range, cycle of concentration, blowdown, evaporation loss and makeup water requirement. Mar, 2012 cooling tower design calculations posted in student. The effect of the air water ratio on counter flow cooling tower. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas ra nge e ntering water tem per ature leavingwater temperature.
Cooling tower efficiency is limited by the ambient wet bulb temperature. This would require a very large tower and yield huge evaporation and. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m3hr through a. This cooling tower quiz module covers the design, calculations, operations and cooling water treatment etc which will be a refresher for the experience and an eyeopener for the fresh chemical engineers. Simulating power efficiency of heat transfer agent cooling. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. Test your knowledge on cooling tower online quiz chemical. How to increase your industrial cooling tower efficiency. This means cooling tower maintenance and water treatment is a progressive and customized undertaking. Cooling tower efficiency cooling tower efficiency can be expressed as efficiency 100t1t2t1t3 where t1 inlet temperature of water to the tower t2 outlet temperature of water from the tower t3 wet bulb temperature of air.
One helpful means to that end is the water cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower. Oct 17, 2016 although cooling towers are generally some of the most costeffective cooling mechanisms as compared to other cooling technologies such as many dry air cooling systems, it is still important to monitor your industrial cooling tower efficiency and run it as seamlessly as possible. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. Guide for energy efficient cooling tower design and operation. Cooling tower efficiency calculations along with approach, range, cycle of concentration, blowdown, evaporation loss and makeup water. This process provides significant cooling to the remaining water stream that collects in the tower basin where it can be. Estimate evaporation loss and makeup water requirements article pdf available april 2017 with 9,632 reads. A nominal cooling tower ton is defined as cooling 3 gpm of water from 95f to 85f at a 78f entering air wetbulb temperature. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower see fig. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article.
Pdf design and performance analysis of the cooling tower in the. L mass flow of water entering the cooling tower lbmin t. F as in the above example, the cooling efficiency is 90%. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower.
Nov 22, 2014 this useful and easy program let you quickly and securely perform calculations for the design of a new cooling tower project, upgrade the performance of an existing counterflow tower and verify its efficiency and working conditions. Cooling tower systems include all components that provide comfort cooling by rejecting heat to the atmosphere through the evaporative process. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. The cooling towers can perform their work in ample ways by using a varied type of advanced technologies. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. It works with all types of cooling towers and with different types of fill splash or film. The thermal capability of a cooling tower used for air condition ing is often expressed in nominal cooling tower tons. The evaporative cooling towers are widely used for heat extraction in the. Cooling tower efficiency calculation basic dtls youtube. The technical data has been taken from a mechanical draft cooling tower.
I know the inlet and outlet temperature of water, volume flow rate of water and the heat load desired from the cooling tower. Doc cooling tower lab report sem yong hao academia. This includes determination of cycle of concentration, evaporation loss, drift or windage loss, blow down water requirement makeup. In the ideal case, the cold water temperature will be equal to the wetbulb temperature. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Compared with the use and waste of city water the water consumption can be reduced with about 90 95%. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency calculations free download as pdf file. The size and cost of the cooling tower is proportional to the heat load. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling tower, is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids air and water are. Estimate evaporation loss and makeup water requirements find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The cooling capacity of a tower is the heat rejected kcalh or tr refrigeration tons.
Pdf 60 m3h nominal capacity cooling tower was designed, based on the required cooling water parameters in. F and the actual temperature drop measured across the cooling media is 27. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf cooling towers. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. As the water evaporates, the air absorbs heat, which lowers the temperature of the remaining water. Cooling tower heat transfer fundamentals power engineering. In practice, the cooling tower efficiency will be in between 65 to 70%.
Abstract this paper presents detailed methodology of a induced draft cooling tower of counter flow type in which its efficiency, effectiveness, characteristics are calculated. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 9 figure 7. Feb 24, 2014 a cooling tower is an essential piece of equipment in many production facilities used to bring down the temperature of the water used in many different process so it can be used again. To purchase them for commercial purpose, here we have collect some vital information. At these condi tions, the cooling tower rejects 15,000 btuih per nominal cooling tower ton. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor.
The present paper is a detailed methodology for thermal design of cooling tower. Dec 25, 2011 a cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. To capitalise upon the inherent energy efficiency of cooling tower systems the condenser water, and cooling tower systems must be properly designed, operating correctly and regularly maintained. Water savings of cooling tower efficiency measures for use in performance contracts. In the words of an excellent reference manual on cooling, evaporation is utilized to its fullest extent in. In an ideal case the cold water temperature will be equal to the wet bulb temperature. Cooling tower basics calculation formulas cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency calculations water evaporation. Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u. Hi, i am an engineering student, and i am working on a cross flow induced draft cooling tower.